In 1983, building upon its information functions, the Marine Exchange began operating a voluntary traffic information service to provide information to vessels in the main approaches to LA/LB (Mizuki et al., 1989). Over the years, the information services have evolved from rudimentary communication to the sophisticated dissemination of shipping information to subscribers. The Marine Exchange has been handling maritime information affecting the LA/LB region since the 1920s. The present organization and services evolved from a series of actions by various groups: efforts by the Marine Exchange to meet perceived local needs, steps taken by the JPS to apply technology to its commercial functions, and actions by both state and federal governments. The VTIS is a public-private partnership. The Los Angeles Pilots are public employees of the Port of Los Angeles. The Jacobsen Pilot Service (JPS), which serves Long Beach, is a private company. Management of traffic inside the breakwater is not in the purview of the VTIS and is handled by the pilot organizations serving the two ports. Much of the area is in international waters, beyond the jurisdiction of the state of California and the United States, raising an interesting legal point about mandatory vessel participation in the VTIS. The VTIS area of responsibility (AOR) lies seaward of the breakwater and extends approximately 20 miles offshore. The operation is supported by user fees assessed as part of the tariffs of the Ports of LA/LB, and the VTIS reimburses the Coast Guard for the cost of staff. The goal of the VTIS is to “improve vessel transit safety by providing vessels with advanced information of other reported marine traffic and any additional information which may affect traffic safety within the area covered by the VTIS ” (Marine Exchange of Los Angeles-Long Beach, 1994). VTIS is staffed jointly by Marine Exchange employees and Coast Guard personnel. The VTIS is a cooperative effort by the nonprofit Marine Exchange of Los Angeles-Long Beach, Incorporated, the state of California, and the U.S. The LA/LB port community has long been concerned about the safe movement of vessels in heavy congestion, a concern that may have originated prior to 1960, when the harbor was home port to a significant portion of the U.S. There are two relatively narrow openings in the breakwater to allow deep-draft ships access to the harbor and port area. The port complex lies along the northern shoreline of San Pedro Bay, with the harbor area protected from the open sea by a long breakwater. A list of participating EoA airports is below.The Los Angeles-Long Beach (LA/LB) harbor complex is one of the busiest ports in the nation in terms of numbers of vessel calls and amounts of cargo handled. If you are a conditionally-approved Global Entry applicant, save time and participate in Enrollment on Arrival. A permanent resident card (if applicable).Examples are: driver's license (if the address is current), mortgage statement, rental payment statement, utility bill, etc. Documents providing evidence of residency.This provides you with the ability to use multiple passports at the Global Entry kiosk. If you travel using more than one passport, please bring them all to the interview so that the information can be added to your file. To complete the interview via EoA, you must be in possession of the following documents: For your planning purposes, please understand that if you use EoA and are requesting a modification, aid, or service at that time and an effective modification, aid, or service is not readily available, the interview may be scheduled for a later date. If you require assistance for your Global Entry interview because of a disability, immediately inform the interviewing CBP officer of your need for a reasonable modification or auxiliary aid or service to participate in the interview. When landing in an international terminal follow the signage directing you to CBP officers who can complete your Global Entry interview during your admissibility inspection. The EoA program eliminates the need for a Global Entry applicant to schedule an interview at an enrollment center to complete the application process. Enrollment on Arrival (EoA) is CBP program that allows Global Entry applicants who are conditionally approved to complete their interviews upon arrival into the United States.
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